The Second Anglo-Afghan War in the Late 1870s

The Second Anglo-Afghan War in the Late 1870s The Second Anglo-Afghan War began when Britain invaded Afghanistan for reasons that had less to do with the Afghans than with the Russian Empire. The feeling in London in the 1870s was that the competing empires of Britain and Russia were bound to clash in central Asia at some point, with Russias eventual goal being the invasion and seizure of Britains prize possession, India. British strategy, which would eventually become known as The Great Game, was focused on keeping Russian influence out of Afghanistan, which could become Russias stepping-stone to India. In 1878 the popular British magazine Punch summed up the situation in a cartoon depicting a wary Sher Ali, the Amir of Afghanistan, caught between a growling British lion and a hungry Russian bear. When the Russians sent an envoy to Afghanistan in July 1878, the British were greatly alarmed. They demanded that the Afghan government of Sher Ali accept a British diplomatic mission. The Afghans refused, and the British government decided to launch a war in late 1878. The British had actually invaded Afghanistan from India decades earlier. The First Anglo-Afghan War ended disastrously with an entire British army making a horrendous winter retreat from Kabul in 1842. The British Invade Afghanistan in 1878 British troops from India invaded Afghanistan in late 1878, with a total of about 40,000 troops advancing in three separate columns. The British Army met resistance from Afghan tribesmen but was able to control a large part of Afghanistan by the spring of 1879. With a military victory in hand, the British arranged for a treaty with the Afghan government. The countrys strong leader, Sher Ali, had died, and his son Yakub Khan, had ascended to power. The British envoy Major Louis Cavagnari, who had grown up in British-controlled India as the son of an Italian father and an Irish mother, met Yakub Khan at Gandmak. The resulting Treaty of Gandamak marked the end of the war, and it seemed that Britain had accomplished its objectives. The Afghan leader agreed to accept a permanent British mission which would essentially conduct Afghanistans foreign policy. Britain also agreed to defend Afghanistan against any foreign aggression, meaning any potential Russian invasion. The problem was that it had all been too easy. The British did not realize that Yakub Khan was a weak leader who had agreed to conditions which his countrymen would rebel against. A Massacre Begins A New Phase of the Second Anglo-Afghan War Cavagnari was something of a hero for negotiating the treaty and was knighted for his efforts. He was appointed as envoy at the court of Yakub Khan, and in the summer of 1879 he set up a residency in Kabul which was protected by a small contingent of British cavalry. Relations with the Afghans began to sour, and in September a rebellion against the British broke out in Kabul. Cavagnaris residence was attacked, and Cavagnari was shot and killed, along with nearly all of the British soldiers tasked to protect him. The Afghan leader, Yakub Khan, tried to restore order and was nearly killed himself. The British Army Crushes the Uprising in Kabul A British column commanded by General Frederick Roberts, one of the most capable British officers of the period, marched on Kabul to take revenge. After fighting his way to the capital in October 1879, Roberts had a number of Afghans captured and hanged. There were also reports of what amounted to a reign of terror in Kabul as the British avenged the massacre of Cavagnari and his men. General Roberts announced that Yakub Khan had abdicated and appointed himself military governor of Afghanistan. With his force of approximately 6,500 men, he settled in for the winter. In early December 1879, Roberts and his men had to fight a substantial battle against attacking Afghans. The British moved out of the city of Kabul and took up a fortified position nearby. Roberts wanted to avoid a repeat of the disaster of the British retreat from Kabul in 1842 and remained to fight another battle on December 23, 1879. The British held their position throughout the winter. General Roberts Makes a Legendary March on Kandahar In the spring of 1880, a British column commanded by General Stewart marched to Kabul and relieved General Roberts. But when news came that British troops at Kandahar were surrounded and facing grave danger, General Roberts embarked on what would become a legendary military feat. With 10,000 men, Roberts marched from Kabul to Kandahar, a distance of about 300 miles, in just 20 days. The British march was generally unopposed, but being able to move that many troops 15 miles a day in the brutal heat of Afghanistans summer was a remarkable example of discipline, organization, and leadership. When General Roberts reached Kandahar he linked up with the British garrison of the city, and the combined British forces inflicted a defeat on the Afghan forces. This marked the end of hostilities in the Second Anglo-Afghan War. The Diplomatic Outcome of the Second Anglo-Afghan War As the fighting was winding down, a major player in Afghan politics, Abdur Rahman, the nephew of Sher Ali, who had been Afghanistans ruler before the war, returned to the country from exile. The British recognized that he might be the strong leader they preferred in the country. As General Roberts was making his march to Kandahar, General Stewart, in Kabul, installed Abdur Rahman as the new leader, the Amir, of Afghanistan. Amir Abdul Rahman gave the British what they wanted, including assurances that Afghanistan would not have relations with any nation except Britain. In return, Britain agreed not to meddle in Afghanistans internal affairs. For the final decades of the 19th century, Abdul Rahman held the throne in Afghanistan, becoming known as the Iron Amir. He died in 1901. The Russian invasion of Afghanistan which the British feared in the late 1870s never materialized, and Britains hold on India remained secure.

Pedaling vs. Peddling

Pedaling vs. Peddling Pedaling vs. Peddling Pedaling vs. Peddling By Maeve Maddox A reader has asked for a post about the confusion between pedaling and peddling. The only errors I found related to the use of two idioms: â€Å"influence peddling† and â€Å"go pedal your papers†: Incorrect: All I had to do was get close to the power brokers in these foreign countries and report on any  influence pedalling  without compromising my clients confidentiality. Correct : All I had to do was get close to the power brokers in these foreign countries and report on any  influence peddling without compromising my clients confidentiality. Incorrect: She should be in jail for corruption and  influence pedalling.   Correct : She should be in jail for corruption and  influence peddling.   Incorrect: After we  told him  to go  pedal his papers  elsewhere,  he  got on  his  cell phone.   Correct : After we  told him  to go  peddle his papers  elsewhere,  he  got on  his  cell phone. â€Å"To peddle† is â€Å"to sell.† â€Å"To pedal† is â€Å"to push with the foot against a pedal.† influence peddling: the practice of using the influence of wealth or authority to bestow favors or obtain preferential treatment. go peddle your papers: go somewhere else with whatever you are trying to sell. The verb peddle is a backformation from pedlar: â€Å"An itinerant trader or dealer in small goods.† Because a pedlar sells items of insignificant value, the verb peddle connotes disparagement and contempt. Note: The US spelling of pedlar is peddler. The noun pedal, referring to a foot-operated lever on an organ, entered English in the 17th century. The verb pedal, with the meaning â€Å"to push a pedal,† came into use in the late 19th century. When bicycles were invented, the foot levers were named pedals. Two figurative expressions based on the word pedal- soft-pedal and backpedal- derive from two different activities. â€Å"To soft-pedal† comes from music. A piano’s pedals enable the player to soften or muffle the sound produced by the keys. Figuratively, â€Å"to soft-pedal† means â€Å"to reduce in force or effect; to tone down, play down, go easy on.† Here are some examples from the Web: After getting retailers and consumers excited by its commitment to closing the online GST loophole, the Government is again soft pedalling on the issue.   A 1960s movie starring Faye Dunaway and Warren Beatty will resurrect the groundless legend of Bonnie Clyde, part Romeo Juliet and part Robin Hood, soft-pedalling the fact that they killed at least 13 police officers and citizens.   The mob-fueled extremism of the Cultural Revolution has been thoroughly rejected by peasant and plutocrat, alike despite propagandistic soft-pedaling in official media. â€Å"To backpedal† comes from cycling. Back-pedaling is the action of pressing down and back on the pedal as it rises, in order to check the movement of the wheel. Figuratively, â€Å"to back-pedal† is to back down from a previous position. Here are some examples: After likening welfare recipients to stray animals, Andre Bauer, the embattled lieutenant governor, is hastily back-pedalling from remarks his rivals have called immoral. In a Rolling Stone interview, Sienna Miller made disparaging remarks about Pittsburg. She has been back-pedalling ever since. Spelling notes: 1. Although pedaling is US spelling and pedalling is British spelling, I noticed the double-l spelling frequently in US publications. 2. The OED shows the verbs as soft-pedal and back-pedal. M-W shows backpedal and soft-pedal. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:12 Signs and Symbols You Should KnowHow to Punctuate Descriptions of Colors35 Synonyms for Rain and Snow

Dealing with Crime and Disorder in Urban Parks Essay

Dealing with Crime and Disorder in Urban Parks - Essay Example The parks in the urban areas are quite large and the security that is present in these parks is not strong enough and not in much number that they can keep a strong check on what is going inside the park. They are only responsible of watching over the outside of the park that no terrorist or burglar enters the park; they only keep an eye on the people who are entering the gate and do not allow who they feel suspicious. The illegal drug dealers know many ways and techniques through which they can make their way to various places from which they can trade and the drug dealers have now chosen urban parks as their main spot of dealing and they usually enter the park well dressed and like respectable ordinary people so the security officers cannot differentiate them from ordinary people. These people then carry out their illegal business in the park and it can only be observed by the people who visit parks regularly for recreation and it cannot be stopped by the local security officers. T his crime has increased and become wide spread and nearly all big parks in the urban areas have been reported for the same issue. ... rolling or other such things then they inform their in charges which then come in a jiffy and quickly wind up their work before any concerned official can get informed and make any sort of raid. The illegal drug dealers have a very wide spread network and informants who are also wide spread in many different years who keep an alert eye 24/7 to prevent their business from being caught by the police (Kinnane, 1979). A very sad part of this whole case is that there are some black sheeps of our own police department who themselves are involved in such activities and business and they are basically those who inform these drug dealers about the raid the police are about to do and other details being discussed in the police department like informing them about the operational planning of the police department. The greatest threat that this business pose is the wide dealing of syringes; the dealers do not care about the syringes being used or unused, they just sell them and the addicted are in so want of them that they also do not care about the syringe and this is a major reason for many incurable diseases that are now a days becoming wide spread in many parts of the country. It is very necessary that a proper operational policing strategy is developed to control this serious and rapidly increasing issue (Ireland, 1996). A proper operational strategy must be designed in order to eliminate this issue from the root. If a weak strategy is designed then it will not be able to overpower the strong network of the illegal drugs business dealers. Like other departments it has become a necessity for the police department as well to design strategies, tactics and techniques and pay a lot of attention towards strategic planning in the past few years because with the advancements in

Business Function Integration Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Function Integration Paper - Assignment Example This paper declares that the human resource department, for instance, is responsible for helping an organization attain some of its targets. This is by managing the employees in the firm, and dealing with issues that may rise in the organization. Human resource is linked directly to employees in a firm since it is responsible for how they behave and relate to each other. Professional behaviour creates a pleasant working environment for everyone, thus ensuring an organization’s exceptional performance. This essay makes a conclusion that if one department fails to achieve the targets that are present in the organization, then all the functional areas are bound to fail. This means that all of them need to work together. No one functional area is seen as being superior to another. The togetherness ensures that all of them work toward the organization’s goals. This also prevents conflict, in the long run. Conflict that may emanate from employees who might presumably think their functions in the organization are above others. It is vital for organizations to realise that, in order to achieve success, it is best they look for functional areas that best suit them. The integration of these areas may mean that they will be better placed to tackle issues that may arise. This enables an organization realise its main objectives, and maintain their place at the top. This integration will determine this, and it is through proper management that success will arise.

School and Communities Essay Example for Free

School and Communities Essay A school leader guides a student for such a brief moment, but is one of the connections that contribute to a student being successful and allowing for the student to transition easily in the learning environment? According to the recommended readings there is a correlation between the student’s home, community, and the school that facilitates the student’s transitions into and throughout the school system, leading to an environment that supports student success. There are several major transitions starting with kindergarten and progressing to the middle school level, and then onto high school. Each transitional time is critical and requires additional support to continue and to achieve academically. Based on my review of various articles, the following topics are promising directions that have emerged as areas that will make the connection powerful and successful. Family involvement during Kindergarten preparation is essential for young students to achieve to their potential. The importance of being prepared academically for school, and its implications for parents, has been the subject of extensive research and attention. One recent study suggests that fostering parent support and  parent learning about Kindergarten readiness can help ensure that children are adequately prepared to start school (Starkey Klein, 2000; Perroncel, 2000). In my readings it was suggested that a network of social connections that support children and families during the Kindergarten transition are needed, including interactions between teachers and children, children and peers, parents and teachers, and preschool teachers and Kindergarten teachers. While there is an increased amount of evidence about the elements that support Kindergarten readiness, there is also a need to better integrate the early childhood development literature to  fully understand the connections that make a difference and allow the student to be successful. For example, Fantuzzo et al. (2000) conducted a study to assess parent involvement for children in day care, Head Start, and Kindergarten. Studies such as this can begin to build understanding of how parent involvement changes from pre-school to Kindergarten. Future research can also build our understanding of the specific types of family and community connections that provide a strong support network for children, particularly those who come from disadvantaged backgrounds, as they prepare to enter Kindergarten. STUDENT TRANSITION THROUGH EDUCATION LEVELS 3 Despite the continued occurrence of the myth that family and community connections are primarily important at the elementary school level, researchers have begun exploring the effects of school, family, and community connections during transitions to middle and high school as well. Gutman and Midgley (2000) found that during the transition from the elementary level to the middle school level, both school factors and family factors were important to support academic achievement in African American students. Another study found that, contrary to popular belief, middle and high school students do want their parents to be involved, especially in terms of homework help and other home-based types of support and involvement (Catsambis Garland, 1997). This study found that parent involvement does not decline, as expected, but rather shifts as students move into middle and high school. Although they continued to be involved, parents reported increasing dissatisfaction with their role in relationship to the school, especially involving school policy (Catsambis Garland). These results confirm the importance of continued exploration of needs that students have during the transition to middle school and to high school, and roles that families play in supporting these transitions. The impact of school outreach is an important finding. School outreach and invitations to families and community members have a significant impact on the level and quality of family and community connections. In at least three studies, it has been found to have a greater impact than family characteristics on previous student academic achievement (Van Voorhis, 2000; Simon, 2000; Chrispeels Rivero, 2000). Simon found that when schools reach out, and families and community members feel that the school is extending invitations at a personal level, they respond with higher attendance at school-based activities and better quality of family involvement at home. The unique role that schools play in initiating and setting the tone for connections with families and the community cannot be denied. Researchers have also suggested that more research is needed regards to what motivates individual school staff members to reach out to parents and community and how  school staff can be further motivated and supported in building these relationships. STUDENT TRANSITION THROUGH EDUCATION LEVELS 4 There is a growing understanding of the role that relationships between staff in schools and community organizations play in the development of successful collaborations between school and communities. Jehlet al. (2001) suggests that there are â€Å"sticking points,† in organizational cultures and values that can hinder school-community connections. They suggest that these sticking points must be understood and addressed in order to build effective partnerships. These disconnects can be exacerbated by the lack of personal relationships that build trust and understanding between school and community staff (Center for Mental Health in Schools, 1999a). It is clear that family, school, and community connections can benefit children from before the time they enter Kindergarten until after they graduate from high school. Our charge in the educational field of study is to come together to address the issues highlighted in this synthesis paper and to clarify the concept and outcomes of family and community connections with schools. In doing so we will better understand these connections and create the knowledge needed to realize the potential of family, school, and community connections for student learning and student’s success. STUDENT TRANSITION THROUGH EDUCATION LEVELS 5 References Catsambis, S. , Garland, J. E. (1997). Parental involvement in students education during middle school and high school (CRESPAR Report 18). Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University. ED423328. http://www. csos. jhu. edu/crespar/Reports/report18entire. htm Center for Mental Health in Schools. (1999a). Expanding educational reform to address barriers to learning: Restructuring student support services and enhancing school community partnerships. Los Angeles, CA: Center for Mental Health in Schools. http://smhp. psych. ucla. edu/pdfdocs/Report/Expand. pdf Fantuzzo, J. , Tighe, E. , Childs, S. (2000). Family involvement questionnaire: A multivariate assessment of family participation in early childhood education. Journal of Educational Psychology, 92(2), 367-375. Gutman, L. M. , Midgley, C. (2000). The role of protective factors in supporting the academic achievement of poor African American students during the middle school transition. Journal of Youth and  Adolescence, 29(2), 223-249. Jehl, J. , Blank, M. J. , McCloud, B. (2001). Education and community building: Connecting two worlds. Washington, DC: Institute for Educational Leadership, Inc. http://www. communityschools. org/combuild. pdf Starkey, P. , Klein, A. (2000). Fostering parental support for children’s mathematical development: An intervention with Head Start families. Early Education and Development, 11(5), 659-680. Van Voorhis, F. L. (2000). The effects of interactive (TIPS) homework on family involvement and science achievement of middle grade students. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, University of Florida.

Literary Criticism of Swift’s Poetry Essay -- Swift

Literary Criticism of Swift’s Poetry In her article, "Voyeurism in Swift's Poetry," Louise K. Barnett explores the trend of voyeurism m the works of Jonathan Swift. She speaks broadly about the use of this technique in his work and concentrates on a few poems including "The Lady's Dressing Room." Barnett believes that Swift's poetry tends to be more voyeuristic than it is obsessed with excrement and decay. To support this, she maintains that each poem centers around the experience of seeing the obscenity (i.e. "The Lady's Dressing Room" revolves around Strephon's response to Celia's dirt and dung) rather than the obscenity. Barnett claims that the act should offend readers more than the content: "What is seen [in Swift] - a pathetic streetwalker disrobing, a disordered dressing room and lavatory - is not truly extraordinary; the appropriation of private experience and the poetic vindication of it are more so." (18) The fact that Swift looks at (and writes about) the private life constitutes a betrayal that should make the reader uneasy. (19) In light of this, Barnett suggests: What makes voyeurism such a powerful aesthetic strategy is its violation of the taboo of privacy, its denial of a condition that we take for granted as our right - namely, not to be observed in certain places, at certain times, doing certain things. 17 The private life consists of details that the public life would rather deny or at least hide. (17) If one person examines the private life of another (i.e. Strephon sees Celia's dressing room), the credibility of that public life is destroyed for him or her. If a large number of people examine that private life (i.e. readers of Swift's "The Lady's Dressing Room"), the public facade is totally dest... ...tion of some sort of improper behavior." (20) I found Bamett's article engaging but difficult to digest. She tries to fit words like "obverse" and "espousal" into her work smoothly, but instead leaves the reader pouring over her words with a dictionary nearby. (This seems to be a trend in literary criticism - apparently, the bigger your words, the more people believe that you know something they don't!) She sets up her argument for "The Lady's Dressing Room," "A Beautiful Young Nymph Going to Bed," and "The Legion Club" to be considered voyeuristic rather than scatological efficiently. Though I disagree, her belief that Swift objectifies women just as the Romantics he critiqued deserves merit. The only downfall is the abuse of a thesaurus. Works Cited Barnett, Louise K. "Voyeurism in Swift's Poetry." Studies in the Literary Imagination. Spring l984: 17-26. Literary Criticism of Swift’s Poetry Essay -- Swift Literary Criticism of Swift’s Poetry In her article, "Voyeurism in Swift's Poetry," Louise K. Barnett explores the trend of voyeurism m the works of Jonathan Swift. She speaks broadly about the use of this technique in his work and concentrates on a few poems including "The Lady's Dressing Room." Barnett believes that Swift's poetry tends to be more voyeuristic than it is obsessed with excrement and decay. To support this, she maintains that each poem centers around the experience of seeing the obscenity (i.e. "The Lady's Dressing Room" revolves around Strephon's response to Celia's dirt and dung) rather than the obscenity. Barnett claims that the act should offend readers more than the content: "What is seen [in Swift] - a pathetic streetwalker disrobing, a disordered dressing room and lavatory - is not truly extraordinary; the appropriation of private experience and the poetic vindication of it are more so." (18) The fact that Swift looks at (and writes about) the private life constitutes a betrayal that should make the reader uneasy. (19) In light of this, Barnett suggests: What makes voyeurism such a powerful aesthetic strategy is its violation of the taboo of privacy, its denial of a condition that we take for granted as our right - namely, not to be observed in certain places, at certain times, doing certain things. 17 The private life consists of details that the public life would rather deny or at least hide. (17) If one person examines the private life of another (i.e. Strephon sees Celia's dressing room), the credibility of that public life is destroyed for him or her. If a large number of people examine that private life (i.e. readers of Swift's "The Lady's Dressing Room"), the public facade is totally dest... ...tion of some sort of improper behavior." (20) I found Bamett's article engaging but difficult to digest. She tries to fit words like "obverse" and "espousal" into her work smoothly, but instead leaves the reader pouring over her words with a dictionary nearby. (This seems to be a trend in literary criticism - apparently, the bigger your words, the more people believe that you know something they don't!) She sets up her argument for "The Lady's Dressing Room," "A Beautiful Young Nymph Going to Bed," and "The Legion Club" to be considered voyeuristic rather than scatological efficiently. Though I disagree, her belief that Swift objectifies women just as the Romantics he critiqued deserves merit. The only downfall is the abuse of a thesaurus. Works Cited Barnett, Louise K. "Voyeurism in Swift's Poetry." Studies in the Literary Imagination. Spring l984: 17-26.

Applied Linguistics Essay

American linguist Selinker put forward the hypothesis- interlanguage in 1969. He believed there were five cognitive processes to construct interlanguange. They are language transfer, transfer of training, language learning strategy, and language communication strategy and overgeneralization of target language linguistic material. I have some experiences regarding those aspects during my ten years’ English learning. As to the language transfer, I once equated â€Å"individualism† with â€Å"ä ¸ ªÃ¤ º ºÃ¤ ¸ »Ã¤ ¹â€°Ã¢â‚¬  in Chinese. Now I know they are different in the American and Chinese culture. For the second point, due to my first English teacher’ wrong instruction of pronunciation, I now still cannot pronounce some words correctly and I have to make great effort to overcome the problem. Another example is that when I see a foreigner on a street, the greeting come to my mind is still â€Å"How are you?† No matter what the foreigner would answer, my answer to that would still be â€Å"I’m fine too, thank you!† The reason was that our former English textbooks (in junior and senior high) didn’t attach much importance to language communication. The strategy of learning language, according to Selinker, is some methods that students adopt to accumulate language rules. One middle school student I taught when I was his family teacher tended to memorize the simpler sentences. For instance, when I taught him â€Å"That’s very kind of you† and â€Å"thank you†, he chose to remember the latter one. Communication strategy is that students use easy and practical notional words and omit function words. For example, some foreign students who are learning Chinese may say,â€Å"我åŽ »Ã§Å"‹ä »â€"ï ¼Å'ä »â€"æŠ ½Ã§Æ'Ÿï ¼Å'çÅ"‹ç” µÃ¨ §â€ Ã¢â‚¬ , which meansâ€Å"我åŽ »Ã§Å"‹ä »â€"æâ€" ¶Ã¯ ¼Å'ä »â€"Ã¥Å" ¨Ã¦Å  ½Ã§ â‚¬Ã§Æ'ŸçÅ"‹ç” µÃ¨ §â€ Ã¢â‚¬ . Finally, if students over generalize target language linguistic material, they may make wrong sentences, like the following: — I like to play with childrens. — It was very difficult to watered the plants. — I like to drive bicycle. Therefore, this hypothesis is practical in helping language learners to aware their problems that may occur during learning process. Moreover, it  demonstrates its significance in a way second language teachers could apply it to their instruction experience.

Oman Cement Company

Oman Cement Company ( SAOG ) was formed in 1978. Rusayl Cement works was completed in 1983 with an one-year incorporate cement production capacity of 624,000 dozenss, of cement. In 1999 clinkering capacity expanded to a sum of 1.2 million dozenss per twelvemonth. The 2nd production line came on watercourse in mid 1998. Presently the company is working on spread outing the capacity of works signifier 1.26 MTS per twelvemonth to 1.70 MTS per twelvemonth by upgrading production line No. 1 and No. 2. The company installations are: 1- Computerized Fabrication Oman cement fabrication procedure is to the full computerized. This avoids major jeopardies in fabrication and needs less work force. 2- Central Laboratory The Quality Control is supported by cardinal research lab consisting of robotics, X-ray spectrometers, optical maser atom size analysers and computerized physical belongingss proving equipment. 3- Quality Management System and Environmental Management System oman cement Quality Management System is in conformity with the Quality Assurance Procedures of ISO 9001: 2000 enfranchisement. 4- Pollution Control. The Oman cement company produces many types of cement which are: 1- Ordinary Portland Cement: It is type I Portland cement. Its utilizations are strengthened concrete edifices, Bridgess and railroad constructions. The typical compound composings of this type are: 55 % ( C3S ) , 19 % ( C2S ) , 10 % ( C3A ) , 7 % ( C4AF ) , 2.8 % MgO, 2.9 % ( SO3 ) , 1.0 % Ignition loss, and 1.0 % free CaO. 2- Sulphate Resistant Cement: It is type V, is used where sulfate opposition is of import. Its typical compound composing is: 38 % ( C3S ) , 43 % ( C2S ) , 4 % ( C3A ) , 9 % ( C4AF ) , 1.9 % MgO, 1.8 % ( SO3 ) , 0.9 % Ignition loss, and 0.8 % free CaO. 3- Moderate sulfate resistant: It is type II cement. This type of cement can be used in constructions of considerable mass, such as big wharfs, heavy abutments, and heavy retaining walls. Its usage will cut down temperature rise particularly when the concrete is capable to hot conditions. Its typical compounds composing is: 51 % ( C3S ) , 24 % ( C2S ) , 6 % ( C3A ) , 11 % ( C4AF ) , 2.9 % MgO, 2.5 % ( SO3 ) , 0.8 % Ignition loss, and 1.0 % free CaO. 4- Oil Well Cement Oil good cement, used for oil Wellss grouting, normally made from Portland cement cinder or from blended hydraulic cements. It is used for cementing work in the boring of oil Wellss where they are capable to high temperatures and force per unit areas. Its typical compound composing is: MgO: 6.0 % SO3: 3.0 % Loss On Ignition: 3.0 % C3S: 48 % -65 % C3A: 3.0 % Insoluble Residue: 0.75 % C4AF+2C3A: 24 % Production methods: There are four phases to bring forth cement that Oman cement utilizing which are: 1- Preparation of the natural stuff at preies 2- Heating and chilling to bring forth cinder 3- Preparation of the cement 4- Cement wadding Procedure description: 1- Preparation stuff at preies The natural stuff contains of limestone ( 80 % of natural stuff ) , silica, aluminate and Fe ore. The preies located around the Oman cement works. At preies the natural stuffs are extracted with heavy equipments. Then the limestones are crushed with nomadic crushers connected with long conveyor belt to transport them to storage go throughing the car lab to analysis the samples with x-ray each two hours. After that the natural stuff are moved to reservoirs. Then they are moved with conveyer belt to the altogether factory to crunch the natural stuffs. Finally the crunching natural stuffs are moved to mixture reservoirs to acquire proper mixture before fed them to kiln. 2- Heating and chilling to bring forth cinder The natural stuffs are moved to impart, where heat exchange is occurred between these stuff and the raising hot gases from kiln, so the stuffs are separated from the gases. After that the stuff moved to calciner where the limestone is converted to calcium oxide, and so the calcined stuffs arefed to the kiln where the temperature about 1400 degree Celsius and so go forth from kiln to acquire cinder. Then the cinder leaves from kiln to air to cut down its temperature to 100 degree Celsiuss to be ready to be moved to cement factory. Kiln procedure 3- Preparation of cement The cinder that came out of the ice chest will be transported by the pail concatenation conveyer to the silo. The bag filter on the top of the silo is sized for the eating by the pail concatenation conveyer and thermic air enlargement in the storage. The cinder extracted from the silo is transported by belt conveyers to the cement proportioning. The gypsum is added to the cinder. Then the proportioned stuffs are conveyed via belt conveyer to cement crunching. Materials land by ball factory are transported centrifuge by pail lift. The harsh atoms separated return to ball factory for regrinding while the all right merchandise is collected by the bag filter behind the centrifuge and so conveyed to cement silo with an air slide and pail lift. Cement silos is used to hive away the cement. Cement factory 4-Cement wadding The cement from extraction systems under the cement silo is delivered to the buffer bin by air slide and the pail lift and vibrating screen, before being fed into each bagger. The bagged cement can be loaded straight or stored in depot temporarily. Machinery and Equipments: No. Name map 1 Limestone Crusher used in rock prey to oppress limestone 2 Clay crusher used in rock prey to oppress clay 3 Limestone Stacker Used to travel limestone to preblending reserve 4 Limestone reclaimer Used to take preblended mixture from preblending reserve 5 Coal and Fe ore Crusher Used to oppress linear stuffs 6 Coal and Fe ore Stacker Used to travel Fe ore to conveyor belt so to proportioning station 7 Coal & A ; Fe ore reclaimer Used for repossessing all linear stuffs and coal 8 Raw factory used for natural stuffs crunching and drying 9 Raw factory fan Used to set the factory recess temperature. 10 Preheater fan used to dry the natural stuffs 11 Preheater and precalciner Preheater used for preheating and partial decarbonation, and precalciner for calcination 12 Rotary kiln used to raise natural stuffs to a high temperature 13 Grate ice chest Used for slaking 14 Cement factory Used to crunch cement 15 Bag filter Used to roll up dust 16 Coal factory Used for coal drying 17 Bulk stevedore for truck Used to lade the majority 18 Cement bagger Used to pack cement merchandise Quality control system: The quality control section in the Oman cement company map is to supervise merchandise quality in every phase of production get downing with pull outing the limestone from the prey till the phase of cement Millss, by taking samples and analysis them. 1- The computing machine and x-ray analysis: The mechanization lab consists of automaton, x-ray spectrometers, optical maser atom size analyser and computerized physical belongingss. The samples will be taken by an automatic sampling station from a point between the altogether factory and homogenising silo and so transported manually to the cardinal car lab, where it will be semi-automatically prepared and sent to an X-Ray analyser. The consequences analyzed will be sent to a proportioning computing machine. The computing machine will cipher the ratio of natural stuffs and direct out the set value to constant feeder harmonizing to the chemical composings and natural repast faculty required. 2- Physical analysis: To prove the choiceness, soundness, puting clip, strength, specific gravitation, heat of hydration and loss on ignition of the cement to accomplish the American specifications demand. Care process: The section maps are: -Checking all machinery and equipments are work decently. -Scheduling and be aftering for preventative care, prognostic care. – Coordinating with all sections for day-to-day job. – Planning, organizing of preventative and breakdown activities for accomplishing high works handiness to run into production mark. The process that the Oman cement follows in instance of dislocation, preventative and shutdown care are: 1. Breakdown care In instance of any breakdown care in the production section, they give information sing the dislocation to the care section, and care workers are sent to the production works to repair machine failures. 2. Preventive care here, a squad of care workers is sent straight to the production workss to look into out whether there is any failure in the machinery or non. 3. Shutdown care When the works is shut down the employees in the production section sent a missive to the care section and consecutive stairss are taken by care section to work out the failures. The works closure occurs every 6 month in March and September. The procedure of operating and monitoring production lines and machines immediately, so they can watch the failure and harm of the machines and equipments to mend them or replace them. Technical direction The proficient direction duty is to oversee all the mechanical, electrical things and keep the assorted equipments and everything that related to maintenance process, and this direction divided in many subdivisions: a- The machine subdivision The duty of this subdivision is prepare exigency and planning agenda and make it to all the equipments and describe it to name the unusual failure and hole it. Inspect the machinery, cheque with drawings and specifications and rectification. It contacts with shop subdivision to supply the needed replacing parts and besides contacts with other subdivisions to keep the equipments at the workshop. At the workshop they fix the equipments in exigency conditions, look into the equipments if they work decently and routinely, takes care the equipments and aid to clean them. B ) The machine operation subdivision The duty of this subdivision manufacture the replacing parts, make an order outside the company to acquire new parts, lathe the machine parts the required the workshops. degree Celsius ) The immediate machine care subdivision The duty of this subdivision is to look into and repair the production lines. vitamin D ) The electrical subdivision The electricity section is responsible to mend and guarantee the continuance of the work of all electrical and electronic equipment and preciseness instruments on the production line and besides supervises contact with other subdivisions to that the electricity working decently.

Find a Book Idea That Sells 3 Things You Must Check Before You Write Your Book

Find a Book Idea That Sells 3 Things You Must Check Before You Write Your Book Find a Book Idea That Sells: 3 Things You Must Check Before You Write Your Book If you’re about to write a book, and you want a book idea that sells,  there are three things you absolutely must check before you spend a minute writing your book.Researching these three things will help you write your book more confidently because you’ll have firm reason to believe readers will love and buy your book.Once you have your book idea, and before you begin writing, you need to check that there’s:People looking for your book ideaPeople willing to pay for your book ideaCompetition you can beatThere are two ways to complete each of the following steps: an easy, low-cost way and a time-consuming, free way. I’ll explain both. No matter which method you choose, just choose one of them so you can embark on your book writing journey with confidence. 1. Are there people looking for your book idea?Before you spend weeks, months, or years laboring to create your book, smart authors validate that there are people searching for your book idea on the inte rnet first.The free method is to type in www.KWFinder.com and use their free tool that currently allows you 3 searches per day, and type in your book idea. One piece of information this site gives you is the average times per month people type and search for your term. The higher the number, the more people actively are looking for the information you’re thinking of writing about.This tool does not tell you how many people are searching for your idea on Amazon, however, which can make your results a little dicey. Sometimes people are just looking to learn free or quick information, and not actually looking to read an entire book.When people search for a topic on Amazon, however, they are there to buy something. That’s why doing this research using a software that specifically gives you Amazon data is the best option. Enter KDP Rocket. When you search for a book idea using KDP Rocket, it gives you the estimated number of times people search for your idea on Google and o n Amazon each month. And there’s no limit to how many ideas you can search per day.Here’s the results for my fictitious book idea about ‘habits’:Once you’ve verified people are searching for your book idea, the next step is to make sure they’re willing to pay for the information.2. Are there people willing to pay for your book idea?Unless you’re planning to give your book away for free, this step is crucial. If you don’t have KDP Rocket, you’ll want to head over to Amazon.com and search in the Kindle Store for your writing idea. Look at the search results that appear on the first page. For each book, scroll down to find the Amazon Best Seller Rank. You’ll probably want to create a spreadsheet now if you haven’t already to keep track of the numbers. Once you have the Best Seller Rank for each, you should put each number into the Amazon Best Seller Rank Calculator. The calculator will tell you how many books a re selling each day. If you multiply this number by 30, you’ll get the estimated money per month that book makes.If you do this for all 14 of the books that show up on the first page of your search, you can find the average your book idea makes per month. This will give you an idea if it’s profitable enough for you to pursue.   If you’re looking for the fast and easy way, you’d already have this information right at your fingertips from doing step 1 (verifying people are looking for your book). By clicking ‘Analyze’ on KDP Rocket, you can immediately learn the average earnings per month. Wow, habits is a money-maker! Look at that second column!So people are looking for your idea and they are willing to pay for your idea, but can you compete with the big dogs? 3. Can you beat the competition for your book idea?Terms like ‘habits’ are popular and profitable, but the competition is intense. You may have noticed the column called à ¢â‚¬Å"Competitive Score.† This gives you a score between 1-100 on how hard it would be to get your book to appear when people search for your term. A 1 is easy-peasy and 100 is near-impossible. I’m guessing like me, you’re not a famous author, so you’ll want to find book ideas that have lower competition. Scores in the 20s or below are my usual target. This doesn’t mean you can’t write a book about habits. This just means you might have to keep searching to refine your idea to be more specific so you can better compete. When you search in the Kindle Store for your idea, you’ll want to take note of the number of results that appear. This tells us there are 8,055 other books that rank for the term â€Å"habits† on Amazon.Next, click on the top 3 results and write down their Amazon Best Seller Rank. Find the average of these 3 numbers to find the average Best Seller Rank of the top 3 books. You should aim to get your book to rank # 1 since it gets the most clicks, and definitely be able to compete with the top 3.Then, look at the book covers, book descriptions, and reviews. Give each book a score 1-100 based on your opinion of its professionalism, design, clarity, and happiness of reviewers. If it looks like a book you could easily beat, it’s a 1. If it’s perfect and virtually unbeatable, give it 100. Having all these numbers in an excel spreadsheet will help you analyze the competition of your book idea.If that seems like a lot of work, or you don’t know how to score the competition, you’ll love what KDP Rocket can do for you. When you click on the ‘Analyze’ button to discover how much money the book idea makes, a Competitive Score was also automatically generated. For ‘habits,’ the competition is 73pretty tough. Rocket will also give you a bunch of other recommended terms to consider, so by simply scrolling down, I found ‘healthy eating habits.†™ Lower competitionbut people aren’t paying for that idea. How about ‘how to break bad habits’: See how you can still write about what you’re interested in, but simply checking the popularity, profitability, and competition can help you refine your idea from an â€Å"I hope this works idea† to â€Å"Let’s write this book already idea!†Book Idea ValidatedOnce your book idea passes these three checkpoints, then you’re on your way to confidently writing your book. Now you have reason to believe it won’t be a waste of your time and you can proceed with more assurance that you’re writing a book that will sell.To learn more about how this product  can help you profitably launch your book to success, check out KDP Rocket here!

Definition and Examples of Indicative Mood in English

Definition and Examples of Indicative Mood in English In traditional English grammar, indicative mood is the  form- or  mood- of the verb used in ordinary statements: stating a fact, expressing an opinion, asking a question. The  majority of English sentences are in the indicative mood.  Also called (primarily in  19th-century grammars) indicative mode. In modern English,  as a result of the  loss of  inflections  (word endings), verbs are no longer marked to indicate mood. As  Lise Fontaine points out in  Analysing English Grammar: A Systemic Functional Introduction  (2013),  The third-person singular  in the indicative mood  [marked by  -s] is the only remaining source of mood indicators. There are three major moods in English: the indicative mood is used to make factual statements or pose questions, the imperative mood to express a request or command, and the (rarely used) subjunctive mood to show a wish, doubt, or anything else contrary to fact. EtymologyFrom the Latin, stating Examples and Observations (Film Noir Edition) The mood of the verb tells us in what manner the verb is communicating the action. When we make basic statements or ask questions, we use the indicative mood, as in I leave at five and Are you taking the car? The indicative mood is the one we use most often.(Ann Batko, When Bad Grammar Happens to Good People. Career Press, 2004)I caught the blackjack right behind my ear. A black pool opened up at my feet. I dived in. It had no bottom.(Dick Powell as Philip Marlowe, Murder, My Sweet, 1944)I dont mind if you dont like my manners, I dont like them myself. They are pretty bad. I grieve over them on long winter evenings.(Humphrey Bogart as Philip Marlowe, The Big Sleep, 1946)Joel Cairo: You always have a very smooth explanation.Sam Spade: What do you want me to do, learn to stutter?(Peter Lorre and Humphrey Bogart as Joel Cairo and Sam Spade, The Maltese Falcon, 1941)There are only three ways to deal with a blackmailer. You can pay him and pay him and pay him until you’re penniless . Or you can call the police yourself and let your secret be known to the world. Or you can kill him.(Edward G. Robinson as Professor Richard Wanley, The Woman in the Window, 1944) Betty Schaefer: Dont you sometimes hate yourself?Joe Gillis: Constantly.(Nancy Olson and William Holden as Betty Schaefer and Joe Gillis, Sunset Boulevard, 1950)She liked me. I could feel that. The way you feel when the cards are falling right for you, with a nice little pile of blue and yellow chips in the middle of the table. Only what I didn’t know then was that I wasn’t playing her. She was playing me, with a deck of marked cards . . ..(Fred MacMurray as Walter Neff, Double Indemnity, 1944)Personally, I’m convinced that alligators have the right idea. They eat their young.(Eve Arden as Ida Corwin, Mildred Pierce, 1945)The Traditional MoodsThe labels indicative, subjunctive, and imperative were applied to verb forms in traditional grammars, such that they recognized indicative verb forms, subjunctive verb forms, and imperative verb forms. Indicative verb forms were said to be true by the speaker (unmodalized statements) . . .. [I]t is better to regard mood as a non-inflectional notion. . . . English principally grammatically implements mood through the use of clause types or modal auxiliary verbs. For example, rather than say that speakers use indicative verb forms to make assertions, we will say that they typically use declarative sentences to do so.(Bas Aarts, Oxford Modern English Grammar. Oxford University Press, 2011) The Indicative and the SubjunctiveHistorically, the verbal category of Mood  was once important in the English language, as it still is today in many European languages. By distinct forms of the verb, older English was able to  discriminate between the Indicative Mood- expressing an event or state as a fact, and the Subjunctive- expressing it as a supposition. . . . Nowadays the Indicative Mood has become all-important, and the Subjunctive Mood is little more than a footnote in the description of the language.(Geoffrey Leech,  Meaning and the English Verb, 3rd ed., 2004; rpt. Routledge, 2013)   Pronunciation: in-DIK-i-tiv mood

Understanding China and its Society, Business and Economics, Culture Essay

Understanding China and its Society, Business and Economics, Culture and Languages - Essay Example This essay is one of the best examples of comprehensive analysis of the Chinese political and economic systems. It also reviews cultural environment in the country. Despite the global crisis that has hampered business activities among nations, the Republic of China is determined to craft trading partnerships with countries such as Japan, USA, Germany, Hong Kong, and Taiwan among other countries in Asia, Europe and North America. China has expanded its business quest by forging trade agreements with a number of countries in Africa. Such partnerships have boosted its balance of payment. New markets in Africa, Europe and America have created more space for the rapidly growing industries in China to export the finished products to various destinations around the world. Today, the country’s economy has a greater potential to change the future prospects of the continent and world at large. The business culture of the country alongside the goodwill from its huge labor force has been instrumental to propelling the country to greater heights of development. According to the World Bank, China is the second largest economy considering its GDP. The Asian country is rich in culture and language owing to diverse nature of tribes and communities occupying the world’s most populous nation. The government recognizes the ruling party as atheist organization. However, China’s constitution acknowledges freedom of religion to all natives and foreigners. The government only permits people to practice one of the officially recognized religions that include Islam, Taoism, Buddhism, Catholicism, and Protestantism. China’s main religious organizations are Taoism and Buddhism. The people consider Taoism as the folk history considering its long history among societies and ethnic groups in the country. The literacy rate of the country stands at 92.2 percent according to the World Bank report released in 2012 (Chow 2010). Business and Economics China is among few Asian nations with promising economies with large amounts of imports and exports. It is among the fastest growing economies in the continent, which include Japan, South Korea and North Korea (Chow 2010). Despite the global crisis that has hampered business activities among nations, the Republic of China is determined to craft trading partnerships with countries such as Japan, USA, Germany, Hong Kong, and Taiwan among other countries in Asia, Europe and North America. China has expanded its business quest by forging trade agreements with a number of countries in Af rica (Chow 2010). Such partnerships have boosted its balance of payment. New markets in Africa, Europe and America have created more space for the rapidly growing industries in China to export the finished products to various destinations around the world. Apparently, China’s economy has recorded remarkable performance for the last three decades with manufacturing and service industries accounting for the biggest percentage of exports. This has influenced the country’s GDP in positive direction (Chow 2010). Over 500 million Chinese can now afford decent living following various initiative of the government to lift citizens from poverty. Chances are high that China might emerge as the leading economy of the world by 2030 notwithstanding challenges regarding controlling its huge population (Lin 2012). It has the potential to become a modern, creative and high-income society. It is yet to implement strategies that will ensure it achieve its business and economic ambitions . As far as the country’s future prospects in business are concerned, China has the potential to turnaround it technological progresses to achieve greater development (Lin 2012). Apparently, China has a huge human resource base which key to growth and development of industries of various